Aeonium

Aeonium is a genus of succulent plants that are native to the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the eastern coast of Africa. They are popular among gardeners and succulent enthusiasts due to their striking rosette-shaped foliage and unique growth patterns.

Aeoniums grow best in full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. They prefer temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) and require infrequent watering, as they are drought-tolerant plants. Overwatering can cause root rot and damage to the plant.

There are many different species of Aeonium, each with its own unique characteristics. Some popular species include Aeonium arboreum, Aeonium zwartkop, Aeonium haworthii, and Aeonium canariense. They can be propagated through stem cuttings or by collecting and sowing seeds.

Overall, Aeoniums are low-maintenance and rewarding plants to grow, with their unusual and beautiful foliage making a statement in any garden or collection of succulents.

Characteristics of Aeonium Succulents

Aeoniums are a fascinating and diverse genus of succulent plants, primarily hailing from the Canary Islands, with some species found in Madeira, Morocco, and East Africa. These plants are particularly popular in ornamental gardening for their rosette shapes and unique growth patterns.

Growth Form

• Rosettes: Aeoniums are known for their striking rosette shapes, with leaves arranged in concentric circles.
• Stem Growth: Many species exhibit branching stems that hold one or more rosettes. These stems can be upright or trailing, depending on the species.

Leaves

• Texture and Shape: The leaves are typically fleshy and glossy, ranging in shape from rounded to lanceolate.
• Color Variations: Leaf color can vary widely, from deep green to burgundy, and some species have leaves that change color based on sun exposure and season.

Size

• Varied Sizes: Aeoniums range in size from small, compact species only a few inches tall to larger varieties that can reach several feet in height.
• Spread: These succulents can spread outwards, especially in species with trailing stems, forming substantial clumps or mats over time.

Flowers

• Flowering Habit: Aeoniums produce pyramidal or conical inflorescences, usually in the late winter or spring.
• Flower Characteristics: The flowers are small, star-shaped, and typically yellow, although some species have white, pink, or red flowers.

Lifespan

• Monocarpic Nature: Some aeonium species are monocarpic, meaning they die after flowering. However, not all species follow this pattern.
• Life Cycle: The lifespan of an aeonium plant varies, with some species living several years before flowering.

Adaptations

• Drought Tolerance: Like many succulents, aeoniums are adapted to survive in dry climates with infrequent watering.
• Sunlight Needs: They generally prefer a sunny location but can tolerate partial shade. In intense sunlight, some varieties’ leaves may take on a stressed coloration, which is often desired for its aesthetic appeal.

Propagation

• Ease of Propagation: Aeoniums are easily propagated from cuttings, which readily take root. Leaf cuttings and seeds are also viable methods, though less commonly used.

Understanding these characteristics of aeonium succulents can help enthusiasts and gardeners appreciate their unique beauty and care for them effectively. With their striking rosettes and varied colors, aeoniums are a standout addition to any succulent collection or drought-tolerant landscape.

Uses of Aeonium Succulents

Aeoniums, with their distinctive rosette shapes and varied colors, are versatile plants that serve multiple purposes in both gardening and decorative contexts. Here are some of the primary uses of Aeonium succulents:

Ornamental Gardening

• Landscaping: Aeoniums are popular in drought-tolerant and Mediterranean-style landscapes. Their unique forms and ability to thrive with minimal water make them ideal for xeriscaping.
• Container Gardening: These succulents are well-suited for containers, either as standalone specimens or as part of a mixed succulent arrangement. Their varied heights and colors add visual interest to balconies, patios, or indoor spaces.
• Rock Gardens: Aeoniums, especially smaller varieties, are a great addition to rock gardens, where their rosettes provide a striking contrast against the stones.

Indoor and Patio Decor

• Houseplants: Many aeonium varieties can be grown indoors, provided they receive adequate sunlight. They’re often used to add a touch of greenery to interior spaces.
• Potted Displays on Patios: Grouping different Aeonium species together in pots creates an appealing display on patios and outdoor seating areas.

Floral Arrangements and Decor

• Cut Flowers: Although not commonly used for their flowers, the rosettes of Aeoniums can be used in floral arrangements, adding an exotic and lasting element.
• Crafts and Decorations: The rosettes are sometimes used in wreaths and other decorative crafts, especially in regions where these plants are readily available.

Ecological Contributions

• Pollinator Attraction: When in bloom, Aeonium flowers attract bees and other pollinators, contributing to the local ecosystem.
• Soil Conservation: As with many succulents, Aeoniums can help in soil conservation, especially in dry, rocky areas where they prevent erosion and improve soil structure.

Educational and Collection

• Succulent Collections: Aeoniums, with their diverse species and cultivars, are often collected by succulent enthusiasts. Their ease of propagation makes them a popular choice for amateur and experienced gardeners alike.
• Educational Uses: In botanical gardens and educational settings, Aeoniums serve as examples of drought-resistant plants and are used to educate about different types of succulents and their adaptations.

Aeoniums are not just aesthetically pleasing; they also play a role in environmental conservation and education. Their easy care and striking appearance make them a favorite among gardeners and plant enthusiasts, adding value and beauty to various settings.

Aeonium Cultivation

Cultivating Aeoniums, known for their striking rosettes and varied colors, is relatively straightforward, making them popular among gardeners of all levels. Here are the essential aspects of their cultivation:

Ideal Growing Conditions

Light

• Sunlight Needs: Prefer sunny to lightly shaded locations. Adequate sunlight is vital for maintaining vibrant colors and proper growth.
• Shade Requirement: Some afternoon shade is beneficial in hot climates to prevent leaf scorch.

Temperature

• Climate Preference: Best suited to mild, Mediterranean climates.
• Frost Tolerance: Generally not frost-tolerant. Protection or moving indoors is necessary in cold weather.

Soil

• Soil Type: Require well-draining soil, ideally a cactus or succulent mix.
• pH Balance: Tolerant of a range of pH levels but prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil.

Watering

• Watering Schedule: More frequent watering than many succulents, but allow soil to dry out between watering. Reduce watering in winter.
• Overwatering Risks: Susceptible to root rot if overwatered or in waterlogged soil.

Fertilizing

• Fertilization Needs: Light feeding during the growing season (spring and summer) can be beneficial. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer at half strength every 4-6 weeks.

Pruning and Maintenance

• Pruning Practices: Regular removal of dead or damaged leaves. Pruning can encourage bushier growth.
• Pest and Disease Management: Watch for pests like aphids and mealybugs. Ensure good air circulation and avoid excessive moisture to prevent diseases.

Propagation

• Via Cuttings: Stem cuttings are the easiest method. Allow cuttings to callous before planting.
• Offsets: Some species produce offsets that can be separated and replanted.
• Seed Propagation: Growing from seeds is possible but slower and requires patience.

Special Considerations

• Seasonal Changes: Aeoniums may go dormant in extreme heat or cold, reducing their water and nutrient requirements.
• Sun Stress: Some species exhibit color changes under sun stress, which can be aesthetically pleasing.

By adhering to these cultivation guidelines, gardeners can successfully grow and enjoy the unique beauty of Aeonium succulents. Their ease of care and dramatic appearance make them a valuable addition to any succulent collection, rock garden, or container garden.

Aeonium Varieties

Aeoniums offer a diverse array of species and cultivars, each with unique characteristics. Here’s a selection of some notable Aeonium varieties:

1. Aeonium arboreum (Tree Aeonium)

• Description: Known for its branching habit and large rosettes of glossy, dark green leaves.
• Size: Can grow up to 3 feet tall.
• Variants: Includes the popular ‘Atropurpureum’, with deep purple leaves, and ‘Variegatum’, featuring green and white variegated leaves.

2. Aeonium ‘Sunburst’

• Description: A striking cultivar with large, variegated rosettes of green, white, and pink leaves.
• Size: Typically reaches 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: Particularly prized for its vibrant, tricolor leaves.

3. Aeonium tabuliforme (Dinner Plate Aeonium)

• Description: Remarkable for its flat, disc-like rosette of tightly packed, lime-green leaves.
• Size: Rosettes can grow up to 18 inches in diameter.
• Note: Its unique shape and form make it a standout in any collection.

4. Aeonium ‘Zwartkop’ (Black Rose)

• Description: Famous for its near-black, dark purple rosettes perched atop slender stems.
• Size: Grows up to 3 feet tall.
• Note: Its dramatic coloring is a favorite among gardeners and collectors.

5. Aeonium canariense (Giant Velvet Rose)

• Description: Features large, velvety rosettes of light green leaves.
• Size: Can reach about 2 feet in height and width.
• Note: Native to the Canary Islands, it thrives in mild, coastal climates.

6. Aeonium haworthii (Pinwheel Aeonium)

• Description: Displays rosettes of blue-green leaves with pinkish-red edges, growing on woody stems.
• Size: Typically about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Its delicate coloration and pinwheel form make it popular in succulent arrangements.

7. Aeonium sedifolium (Stonecrop Aeonium)

• Description: A smaller species with dense, compact rosettes of green leaves.
• Size: Usually stays under 6 inches in height.
• Note: Its small size makes it ideal for rock gardens and container displays.

8. Aeonium leucoblepharum

• Description: Known for its green rosettes with a slight waxy coating, giving them a blue hue.
• Size: Generally reaches around 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Appreciated for its bluish-green foliage and adaptability to container growth.

9. Aeonium percarneum ‘Kiwi’

• Description: A variegated cultivar with rosettes of green, cream, and pink leaves.
• Size: Typically about 1 foot in height and width.
• Note: Its colorful, kiwi-like appearance makes it a favorite for ornamental use.

10. Aeonium diplocyclum ‘Greenovia’

• Description: Resembles a rosebud, with tightly curled, green leaves.
• Size: Stays relatively small, around 6 inches in height.
• Note: Often sought after for its rose-like appearance when dormant.

11. Aeonium glandulosum (Sticky Aeonium)

• Description: Noted for its sticky leaves, this Aeonium has green, slightly translucent rosettes.
• Size: Generally grows about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Named for the sticky feel of its leaves, which is unusual among Aeoniums.

12. Aeonium decorum ‘Sunburst Copper Pinwheel’

• Description: A striking cultivar with variegated green and copper-toned leaves.
• Size: Typically around 1 foot in height and width.
• Note: Its vibrant leaf coloration is particularly appealing in bright sunlight.

13. Aeonium ciliatum

• Description: Features large rosettes of green leaves edged with fine cilia (hair-like structures).
• Size: Can grow up to 2 feet in height.
• Note: The cilia along the leaf margins give this plant a distinctive appearance.

14. Aeonium saundersii

• Description: A smaller species with compact rosettes of glossy, bright green leaves.
• Size: Usually stays under 1 foot tall.
• Note: Its small, dense rosettes make it suitable for rockeries or as a potted specimen.

15. Aeonium balsamiferum

• Description: Known for its aromatic, balsam-scented leaves, this species has green, slightly sticky rosettes.
• Size: Typically reaches about 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: Valued not only for its appearance but also for its pleasant fragrance.

16. Aeonium undulatum (Saucer Plant)

• Description: Characterized by its large, wavy-edged green rosettes.
• Size: Rosettes can grow quite large, up to 2-3 feet in diameter.
• Note: Its large, undulating leaves are a standout feature in any garden.

17. Aeonium urbicum (Salad Bowl Aeonium)

• Description: Features broad, spoon-shaped, green leaves forming a rosette that resembles a salad bowl.
• Size: Can reach up to 2 feet in both height and width.
• Note: Its large, open rosettes are unique among Aeoniums.

18. Aeonium nobile (Noble Aeonium)

• Description: Known for its impressive, large, dome-shaped red rosettes.
• Size: Grows up to 3 feet tall, with rosettes reaching similar diameters.
• Note: Its striking red color and large size make it a focal point in any succulent collection.

19. Aeonium virgineum

• Description: A smaller Aeonium with green, densely packed rosettes and yellow flowers.
• Size: Usually under 1 foot in height.
• Note: Appreciated for its neat, compact growth habit and cheerful blooms.

20. Aeonium lindleyi

• Description: Features small, star-shaped rosettes of green leaves with red edges.
• Size: Typically about 1 foot tall.
• Note: Its small, starry rosettes and reddish margins add a delicate touch to collections.

21. Aeonium haworthii ‘Tricolor’ (Dream Color Aeonium)

• Description: This cultivar is known for its variegated rosettes of green, white, and pink leaves.
• Size: Generally grows about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Its tri-colored leaves make it a visually striking addition to any succulent collection.

22. Aeonium ‘Cyclops’

• Description: A hybrid variety, ‘Cyclops’ features large rosettes of deep red leaves with a green center.
• Size: Can reach up to 3 feet tall.
• Note: Its dramatic color contrast and large size make it a popular choice.

23. Aeonium sedifolium ‘Golden Sedum’

• Description: Features bright yellow-green rosettes, resembling a sedum.
• Size: Stays relatively small, typically under 1 foot in height.
• Note: Its bright coloration is best maintained with sufficient sunlight.

24. Aeonium ‘Blushing Beauty’

• Description: Known for its green rosettes that blush pink to red under stress or cool temperatures.
• Size: Usually about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: The color change in the leaves adds an element of seasonal interest.

25. Aeonium ‘Velour’

• Description: Offers stunning, dark burgundy rosettes with a velvety texture.
• Size: Typically grows to around 2 feet in height.
• Note: Its rich, deep color and texture make it a standout.

26. Aeonium ‘Mardi Gras’

• Description: A variegated cultivar with a mix of green, yellow, and red hues in its leaves.
• Size: Usually reaches about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: The festive coloration of its leaves is reminiscent of the colors of Mardi Gras.

27. Aeonium ‘Kiwi Verde’

• Description: A green variant of the popular ‘Kiwi’ aeonium, with bright green rosettes and a lighter variegation.
• Size: Grows to about 1 foot tall and wide.
• Note: Its vibrant green tones are especially striking in full sun.

28. Aeonium arboreum ‘Albovariegatum’

• Description: This variegated form of the Tree Aeonium has creamy white and green leaves.
• Size: Can grow up to 3 feet tall.
• Note: The variegation adds a unique twist to the classic Aeonium arboreum.

29. Aeonium ‘Jack Catlin’

• Description: A hybrid with rosettes of thick, green leaves edged in red.
• Size: Generally around 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: Known for its robust growth and colorful leaf margins.

30. Aeonium ‘Emerald Ice’

• Description: Features pale green rosettes with a frosty appearance, as if dusted with ice.
• Size: Typically stays under 2 feet tall.
• Note: Its cool, icy tones offer a different aesthetic compared to other more vibrant Aeoniums.

31. Aeonium ‘Garnet’

• Description: A hybrid with rosettes that blend colors of green and deep red, resembling a garnet gemstone.
• Size: Typically reaches about 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: Its rich coloration intensifies with more sunlight.

32. Aeonium ‘Starburst’

• Description: Characterized by large, variegated rosettes with a mix of green, yellow, and pink hues.
• Size: Grows up to 2 feet tall.
• Note: Similar to ‘Sunburst’, but with more pronounced pink coloring.

33. Aeonium ‘Lily Pad’

• Description: Features compact, flat rosettes that resemble lily pads, with a green center and red edges.
• Size: Generally stays under 1 foot in both height and width.
• Note: Its distinct shape and coloration make it a unique addition to collections.

34. Aeonium ‘Firecracker’

• Description: Known for its vibrant red rosettes with a green center, resembling a firecracker explosion.
• Size: Usually about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Best color development occurs with plenty of sunlight.

35. Aeonium ‘Voodoo’

• Description: A large hybrid with deep burgundy rosettes atop thick stems.
• Size: Can grow up to 4 feet tall.
• Note: Its dramatic appearance is reminiscent of the mystical and mysterious.

36. Aeonium ‘Suncup’

• Description: A variegated form with green and yellow rosettes, turning pink in full sun.
• Size: Typically around 1 foot in height and width.
• Note: Its color transformation under different light conditions adds visual interest.

37. Aeonium leucoblepharum

• Description: Features rosettes of blue-green leaves with a waxy coating and light margins.
• Size: Grows about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Appreciated for its subtle coloration and waxy leaf texture.

38. Aeonium ‘Bronze Medal’

• Description: Displays rosettes of bronzy-green leaves that deepen to a copper tone under stress.
• Size: Usually stays around 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: Its bronze tones give it a unique metallic appearance.

39. Aeonium ‘Cupcake’

• Description: Compact and rounded rosettes with a blend of green and cream colors, resembling a frosted cupcake.
• Size: Typically under 1 foot tall.
• Note: Its small size and cute appearance make it popular in container gardens.

40. Aeonium ‘Black Beauty’

• Description: This variety has dark, almost black leaves, with a glossy finish, giving it a sophisticated look.
• Size: Generally grows to about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: One of the darkest Aeonium varieties, it’s sought after for its striking appearance.

41. Aeonium ‘Green Apple’

• Description: Features apple-green rosettes with a slightly open form, resembling the appearance of a green apple.
• Size: Typically about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Its refreshing green color provides a bright accent in succulent collections.

42. Aeonium ‘Irish Bouquet’

• Description: Known for its tight, compact rosettes of deep green leaves, resembling a bouquet.
• Size: Usually stays under 1 foot in height.
• Note: Ideal for small spaces or as a tabletop succulent due to its compact size.

43. Aeonium tabuliforme ‘Variegatum’

• Description: A variegated form of the Dinner Plate Aeonium with a flat, disk-like rosette of green and white leaves.
• Size: Rosettes can grow up to 18 inches in diameter.
• Note: Its striking flat shape and variegation make it a popular collector’s item.

44. Aeonium ‘Canary’

• Description: Features bright yellow-green rosettes that become more vibrant with sunlight exposure.
• Size: Grows about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Its vivid coloring is reminiscent of the sunny Canary Islands, the native home of many Aeoniums.

45. Aeonium ‘Ballerina’

• Description: Known for its delicate, light green rosettes with pinkish edges, resembling a ballerina’s tutu.
• Size: Typically under 1 foot tall.
• Note: Popular for its dainty appearance and soft color palette.

46. Aeonium ‘Red Edge’

• Description: Displays green rosettes with striking red edges, especially pronounced under stress or cool temperatures.
• Size: Generally around 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: The red edging provides a sharp contrast, adding visual interest.

47. Aeonium ‘Autumn Flame’

• Description: Characterized by its rosettes of green leaves that turn shades of red and orange, resembling autumn foliage.
• Size: Usually about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: Its seasonal color changes make it an appealing choice for dynamic landscapes.

48. Aeonium ‘Mint Saucer’

• Description: Features large, saucer-shaped rosettes with a minty green color.
• Size: Can grow up to 2 feet in diameter.
• Note: Its large, flat rosettes and refreshing color are quite distinctive.

49. Aeonium ‘Purple Giant’

• Description: A large variety with deep purple, almost black rosettes.
• Size: Reaches up to 3 feet in height.
• Note: Known for its strikingly large, dark rosettes, making it a dramatic addition.

50. Aeonium ‘Velvet Touch’

• Description: Has velvety-textured rosettes with a mix of green and burgundy hues.
• Size: Typically around 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: The velvety texture of the leaves adds a tactile element to its visual appeal.

51. Aeonium ‘Cyclops’ (Giant Red Aeonium)

• Description: Characterized by large, deep red rosettes with a green center.
• Size: Can grow up to 3 feet tall.
• Note: Its “giant” size and striking color contrast make it a dramatic landscape feature.

52. Aeonium ‘Sunburst’ (Variegated Tree Aeonium)

• Description: Known for its large, variegated rosettes of green, white, and pink leaves.
• Size: Typically reaches about 1-2 feet in height.
• Note: The tricolor variegation is particularly striking when exposed to bright sunlight.

53. Aeonium arboreum ‘Atropurpureum’ (Purple Rose Aeonium)

• Description: Features dark purple leaves, almost black, that form large rosettes.
• Size: Grows up to 3 feet tall.
• Note: The deep purple, almost black coloration intensifies with more sun exposure.

54. Aeonium arboreum ‘Zwartkop’ (Black Rose Aeonium)

• Description: This variety is famous for its large rosettes of dark purple, almost black leaves.
• Size: Can reach about 3 feet in height.
• Note: Often used as a striking focal point in succulent gardens.

55. Aeonium ‘Kiwi’

• Description: Has variegated rosettes of green, cream, and pink leaves, creating a kiwi-like appearance.
• Size: Usually stays under 1 foot tall.
• Note: Popular for its colorful, kiwi-like appearance and suitability for container gardening.

56. Aeonium tabuliforme (Dinner Plate Aeonium)

• Description: Notable for its large, flat, disc-shaped rosettes of tightly packed, green leaves.
• Size: Rosettes can grow up to 18 inches in diameter.
• Note: Its unique, flat shape makes it a sought-after variety for collectors.

57. Aeonium undulatum (Saucer Plant)

• Description: Features large, wavy-edged, green rosettes.
• Size: Rosettes can grow quite large, up to 2-3 feet in diameter.
• Note: Its large, undulating leaves are a standout feature in any garden.

58. Aeonium ‘Velour’

• Description: Offers stunning, dark burgundy rosettes with a velvety texture.
• Size: Typically grows to around 2 feet in height.
• Note: Appreciated for its rich, deep color and texture.

59. Aeonium haworthii ‘Tricolor’ (Dream Color Aeonium)

• Description: Known for its variegated rosettes of green, white, and pink leaves.
• Size: Generally grows about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: The tri-colored leaves make it a visually striking addition to any succulent collection.

60. Aeonium ‘Mardi Gras’

• Description: A variegated cultivar with a mix of green, yellow, and red hues in its leaves.
• Size: Usually reaches about 1-2 feet tall.
• Note: The festive coloration of its leaves is reminiscent of the colors of Mardi Gras.

Each Aeonium variety brings its unique charm to gardens and collections, from the striking dark hues of ‘Zwartkop’ to the whimsical, rose-like ‘Greenovia’. Their varied forms and colors allow for creative uses in landscaping, container gardening, and as standout specimens in succulent collections.

Aeonium Pictures

Types of Aeoniums

Other Succulent Types

• Echeveria
• Sedum
• Gasteria
• Sempervivum
• Kalanchoe
• Haworthia
• Senecio
• Crassula
• Aloe
• Agave